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Consequences of Sexual Violence

Sexual violence can have harmful and lasting consequences for victims, families, and communities. The following list describes some of them.

Physical

  • Women whexperience both sexual and physical abuse are significantly more likely thave sexually transmitted diseases.
  • More than 32,000 pregnancies result from rape every year
  • Some long-term consequences include:
    • Chronic pelvic pain
    • Premenstrual syndrome
    • Gastrointestinal disorders
    • Gynecological and pregnancy complications
    • Migraines and other frequent headaches
    • Back pain
    • Facial pain
    • Disability that prevents work

Psychological

Victims of sexual violence face both immediate and chronic psychological consequences.

Immediate psychological consequences include:

  • Shock
  • Denial
  • Fear
  • Confusion
  • Anxiety
  • Withdrawal
  • Guilt
  • Nervousness
  • Distrust of others
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder
  • Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder
    • Emotional detachment
    • Sleep disturbances
    • Flashbacks
    • Mental replay of assault

Chronic psychological consequences include:

  • Depression
  • Attempted or completed suicide
  • Alienation
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms
  • Unhealthy diet-related behaviors
  • Fasting
  • Vomiting
  • Abusing diet pills
  • Overeating

Social

Sexual violence alshas social impacts on its victims, such as:

  • Strained relationships with the victim's family, friends, and intimate partners
  • Less emotional support from friends and family
  • Less frequent contact with friends and relatives
  • Lower likelihood of marriage

Health Behaviors

Some researchers view the following health behaviors as both consequences of sexual violence and factors that increase a person's vulnerability to being victimized again in the future.

Engaging in high-risk sexual behavior including:

  • Unprotected sex
  • Early sexual initiation
  • Choosing unhealthy sexual partners
  • Having multiple sex partners
  • Trading sex for food, money, or other items
  • Using or abusing harmful substances, including:
    • Smoking cigarettes
    • Drinking alcohol
    • Driving after drinking alcohol
    • Taking drugs

Content Source: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention

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