Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: symptoms, treatment, cause, prevention, long-term outlook, risks, complications



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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasis

What Is Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pronounced (Brong-ko-PUL-mo-ner-e Dis-PLA-se-ah) is a chronic lung disease of babies, which develops most commonly in the first 4 weeks after birth.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia mostly occurs in babies who are born more than 4 weeks before their due dates. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is sometimes present in babies that are full term.

In Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the lungs do not work properly and the babies have trouble breathing. The babies need extra oxygen and may need help from a breathing machine.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is also referred to as BPD.

What Causes Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?

The exact cause of bronchopulmonary dysplasia is unknown. However, researchers believe that bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurs because of the way a particular baby's lungs respond to the outside environment in the first hours or days after birth.

Symptoms of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Some common symptoms of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Sucked-in ribs and chest

Cough

Rapid shallow breathing

Movement of the chest and stomach in the opposite direction with every breath

Wheezing

Raising or stretching the neck by using the neck muscles to push more air into the lungs

Poor posture of the neck, shoulders, and trunk

Repeated periods of blue skin color

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is different from respiratory distress syndrome. Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in the lungs of premature infants, because their lungs do not produce enough liquid material that coats the inside of the lungs making it easy to breathe.

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